Name | Potassium hydroxide |
Synonyms | POTASH POTASH LYE POTASH CAUSTIC POTASSIUM HYDRATE POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Potassium hydroxide POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE STANDARD hydroxydedepotassium(solide) POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ETHANOLIC |
CAS | 1310-58-3 71769-53-4 |
EINECS | 215-181-3 |
InChI | InChI=1/K.H2O/h;1H2/q+1 |
InChIKey | KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
Molecular Formula | KOH |
Molar Mass | 56.11 |
Density | 1.450g/mLat 20°C |
Melting Point | 361 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | 1320°C |
Flash Point | 52°F |
Water Solubility | soluble |
Solubility | H2O: 1M at20°C, clear, colorless |
Vapor Presure | 1 mm Hg ( 719 °C) |
Appearance | powder |
Specific Gravity | 1.09 |
Color | white |
Odor | Odorless |
Exposure Limit | Ceiling in air 2 mg/m3 (ACGIH). |
Merck | 14,7640 |
PH | 10.98(1 mM solution);11.95(10 mM solution);12.88(100 mM solution); |
Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
Stability | Stable, but very hygroscopic. Dissolves exothermically in water. Incompatible with most metals, strong acids, acid chlorides, organic materials, zinc, aluminium, nitroalkanes, nitrobenzene, chlorine d |
Sensitive | Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
Explosive Limit | 3.5-15.0%(V) (ethanol) |
Refractive Index | n20/D 1.421 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | white orthorhombic crystal, industrial products are white or light gray block or bar. melting point 360.4 ℃ boiling point 1320~1324 ℃ relative density 2.044(20 ℃) soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in ether. |
Use | Basic chemical raw materials, used in medicine, daily chemical industry. |
Risk Codes | R34 - Causes burns R35 - Causes severe burns R22 - Harmful if swallowed R11 - Highly Flammable R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
Safety Description | S7 - Keep container tightly closed. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
UN IDs | UN 2924 3/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | TT2100000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 28259090 |
Hazard Class | 8 |
Packing Group | II |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 1.23 g/kg (Smyth) |
white or yellowish bean-like granules, rod-like and lump-like objects. The melting point was about 360 °c, d 2. 044. 380 deg C for water. In the air is very easy to moisture absorption and deliquescence, absorption of carbon dioxide to generate potassium carbonate. Dissolve in 0.9 parts of water, 0.6 parts of boiling water, 3 parts of ethanol, 2.5 parts of glycerol, while releasing a lot of heat. Insoluble in ether. 0. Imol/L aqueous solution pH 13.5. Non-combustible, with strong corrosive. A large amount of water and water vapor exotherm, the formation of corrosive solution. A neutralization reaction occurs with the acid and exotherms.
A concentrated potassium carbonate solution was injected into an electrolytic cell for electrolysis, and the resulting solution was transferred into a silver dish, and potassium hydroxide was obtained after evaporation.
This product is prepared by potassium chloride electrolysis. The K O H content shall not be less than 85.0%.
analysis reagent, bismuth, cadmium, lithium and the like were microanalyzed. It is used as an absorbent for carbon dioxide and moisture, as a saponification reagent, and in pharmaceutical and other industries.
rat oral LD50:1.23g/kg. Contact with the skin and eyes can cause injury. Staff should be well protected, if accidentally touch the eyes, should immediately rinse with a large amount of flowing water. The working environment should have good ventilation conditions. Should be stored separately from flammable, combustible materials and acids. Vapor is heavier than air and tends to accumulate in the lower places. The vapor in the enclosed area can be exploded when exposed to fire. Stored in a dry clean warehouse. Pay attention to moisture and rain immersion. Should be stored separately from flammable, combustible materials and acids.
take 5g of this product, add 50ml of fresh boiling cold water to dissolve, check according to law (General rule 0901 and general rule 0902), the solution should be clear and colorless.
take 5ml of the test solution under the content determination item, add nitric acid Dropwise to make it neutral, add water to 25ml, check according to law (General rule 0801), and standard sodium chloride solution 2. Compared with the control solution made of 0M l, it should not be more concentrated (0.01%).
take 2.0g of this product, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve hydrochloric acid solution (1-2) to make neutral, add water to 4 0 m l, then add 5ml of the above hydrochloric acid solution, check according to law (General rule 0802), with standard potassium sulfate solution 1. Compared with the control solution made of 0 M l, it should not be more concentrated (0.005%).
Carbonate shall not exceed 2.0% as calculated from the potassium carbonate (k 2c o 3) content measured under the content determination item.
take 0.5g of this product, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve, Dropwise add nitric acid to make it significantly acidic, add water to 10 m l, add ammonium molybdate sulfuric acid solution 4M l and stannous chloride solution 0.lm l, fully shake, place for 10 minutes, mix with standard phosphate solution (weigh accurately 143mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, put it in 1000ml measuring flask, add water to dissolve and dilute to scale, shake well. Immediately before use, take 5 m l, put it in a 100ml measuring flask, dilute it to the scale with water, and shake it well. Each lm l corresponds to a comparison of 5 mixes of PO4)2 .0M l of the control solution, not deeper (0.002%).
take 2.0g of this product, put it in a 250ml measuring flask, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve, add hydrochloric acid solution (1-2) to make it neutral, dilute it to the scale with water, shake it well, take 4 parts (1.0ml) respectively in 4 measuring flasks of 100ml. Add standard sodium solution (l/lm is equivalent to Na of lm g) 0, 0 .1, 0 .2, 0.3, diluted with water to the scale, shake. According to Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (General Rule 0 4 0 6 second method), at 5 8 9 m n Wavelength determination, calculation, sodium content shall not exceed 1.0%.
take this product l .O g, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve, add hydrochloric acid solution (1 -2) to make neutral, add water to dilute to 20ml, add 3 0% acetic acid solution 2 m l and 10% ascorbic acid solution 2 m l, shake, add acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer (ph4.5) 20M l and Rose Red three ammonium acid solution (take the rose red three ammonium acid 0 .2 5 g and 5 g of gum arabic, add water 2 50ml, warm and dissolve, add ammonium acetate 87g, dissolve, add hydrochloric acid 50ml, dilute to 500ml)3ml, dilute to 50ml with water, shake well, place for 15 minutes, and take aluminum potassium sulfate with standard aluminum solution. 7 59G, put in 1000ml measuring flask, add appropriate amount of water to dissolve, add 10ml sulfuric acid solution (1 -4), dilute to the scale with water, shake well, then get. Each lm l is equivalent to 0. lm g of A l]0 .5 m l of the control solution should not be deeper (0. 005%).
take this product l .O g, Add 10ml of water to dissolve, add hydrochloric acid solution (1 -2) To adjust p H value to 2, add water to 2 5 m l, check according to law (General rule 0807), with standard iron solution 1. Compared with the control solution made of 0M l, it should not be deeper (0.001%).
take this product l .O g, add an appropriate amount of water to dissolve, add 2ml of nitric acid, water bath to dry, take the residue and add an appropriate amount of water to dissolve, with 0. lm o l/L sodium hydroxide solution adjust p H value to 4, add water to 20 m l, add acetate buffer (pH 3.5)2ml, then dilute to 2 5 m l with water, inspection according to law (General Principles 0821, Law 1), containing heavy metals shall not exceed 20 parts per million.
Take 10g of this product, weigh it quickly and accurately, put it in a 250ml measuring flask, add an appropriate amount of boiling cold water to dissolve, let it cool to room temperature, dilute it to the scale with water, and shake it well, add 95ml of fresh boiling cold water and 5ml of 10% barium chloride solution into a 500ml plug Erlenmeyer flask, pack, shake, place for 15 minutes, and add 2 drops of indicator solution of phthalein, titrate with hydrochloric acid titration solution (lm o l/L) until the red color of the solution disappears, record the volume (I) of the consumed hydrochloric acid titration solution (lm o l/L), add 10 drops of Methyl red-bromocresol green mixed indicator solution, continue titration with hydrochloric acid titration solution (lm o l/L) until the solution changes from green to dark red, boil for 2 minutes, cool down, the solution was titrated to dark red. The volume (%) of hydrochloric acid titrant consumed (lm o l/L) was recorded. Based on the consumption volume (W), calculate the content of K O H in the test volume, and based on the volume (V2-W) consumed after adding the methyl red-bromocresol green mixed indicator solution, the content of K2C03 in the Test amount was calculated. Each lm l hydrochloric acid titration solution (lm o l/L) corresponds to 56. l lm g of K O H or to 69.10 mg of K2C03.
pharmaceutical excipients, p H value regulator.
sealed storage.
NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Related chemical reactions | 1) potassium hydroxide interacts with the following simple substances to produce potassium or potassium compounds, etc. 2KOH 2k = 2 K2O H22 Koh 2Al 6H2O = 2k [Al(OH)4] 3h22Koh Si = K4SiO4 2H26KOH 3s = 2 K2s K2SO3 3H2O2) potassium hydroxide reacts with the acid to generate potassium salt and water of the corresponding acid. KOH H2CO3 = KHCO3 H2O2KOH H2CO3 = K2CO3 2H2O2KOH H2C2O4 = K2C2O4 2H2O2KOH H2SiF6 = k2si2h2o2koh F6 h2no3 = k2sno3h2okoh HNO3 = kno3h2okoh PO4 = kh2hpo4) potassium and hexafluorosilane (Ⅳ) acid, can generate potassium fluoride, and can generate silicic acid or silica. 4) potassium hydroxide and amphoteric hydroxide, can generate the corresponding potassium salt. KOH Al(OH)3 = K[Al(OH)4]2KOH Sn(OH)2 = K2SnO2 2H2O2KOH Sn(OH)4 = K2[Sn(OH)6]2KOH Zn(OH)2 = K2[Zn(OH)4]KOH Cr(OH)3 = KCrO2 2H2O5) potassium hydroxide with ammonia and Mercury tetraiodide (Ⅱ) potassium role, can generate potassium iodide and so on. 6) potassium hydroxide and thiocyanate, carbonate or oxalate, can generate potassium thiocyanate, potassium carbonate or potassium oxalate. KOH KHCO3 = K2CO3 H2OKOH KHC2O4 = K2C2O4 H2O7) potassium hydroxide interacts with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Potassium hydrosulfide to generate dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfide. KOH KH2PO4 = K2HPO4 H2OKOH KHS = K2S H2O8) potassium hydroxide interacts with sulfide to generate corresponding potassium thioate and the like. 6KOH 3SnS2=2K2SnS3 K2SnO3 3H2O4KOH As2S3 = K3AsS3 KH2AsO3 H2O4KOH 2Sb2S3=3KSbS2 KSbO2 2h2o18Koh 4Sb2S5=5K3SbS4 3KSbO3 h2o9) potassium hydroxide can react with sulfate to form potassium sulfate. KOH KHSO4 = K2SO4 H2O |
solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 95.7g/0 ℃;103g/10 ℃;112g/20 ℃;126g/30 ℃;134g/40 ℃; 154g/60 ℃;178g/100 ℃ |
identification test | the potassium salt test (IT-27) of 4% sample solution was positive. |
content analysis | accurately weigh about 1.5g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and dissolve it in 40ml of freshly boiled and cooled water, after cooling to 15 ° C., phenolphthalein test solution (TS-167) was added several drops and titrated with 1mol/L sulfuric acid. When the pink color disappeared, the amount of acid consumed was recorded, several drops of methyl orange solution (TS-148) were added, and titration was continued until the pink color remained unchanged. The total volume of acid required for titration was recorded. Each Ml of 1mol/L sulfuric acid corresponds to a total alkali amount (in KOH) of 56.11mg. |
toxicity | ADI is not restrictive (FAO/WHO,2001). LD50365mg/kg (rat, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1631,2000). potassium hydroxide has cauterizing effect on tissues, can dissolve proteins and form basic denatured proteins. A soft scab may be produced by a solution or dust spattering on the skin, especially on the mucous membranes. The higher the concentration of the solution, the higher the temperature, the stronger the effect. Splash into the eye can not only damage the cornea, but also damage the deep tissue of the eye. The maximum allowable concentration is 0.5 mg/m3. Work should be to prevent touching the skin and eyes, such as inadvertent touch timely, can be used to wash the damaged parts of running water, and then wet 5% of acetic acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid solution; Such as Splash in the eyes, wash slowly and carefully with running water or saline for 10-30 min, then click in 2% Novocaine or 0.5% tetracaine solution. The operator should wear work clothes made of strong cloth, wear rubber gloves, sleeves, aprons, rubber shoes and other labor protection products, and apply neutral and hydrophobic ointment on hands. |
usage limit | FAO/WHO(1984): formulated infant food, frozen french fried potato, edible caseinate, GMP; Cocoa powder and sugar-containing cocoa powder, cocoa bean powder, cocoa liquor and cocoa oil cake, 5g/kg (calculated as non-fat cocoa and K2CO3). |
Use | potassium hydroxide is mainly used as a raw material for the production of potassium salts, such as potassium permanganate, potassium carbonate, etc. In the pharmaceutical industry, for the production of potassium boron hydrogen, spironolactone, liver alcohol, progesterone and testosterone propionate. In the light industry for the production of potassium soap, alkaline storage battery, cosmetics (such as cold cream, cream and shampoo). In the dye industry, it is used to produce vat dyes, such as reduced Blue RSN, etc. In the electrochemical industry, for electroplating, engraving, etc. In the textile industry, it is used for printing and dyeing, bleaching and Mercerizing, and is widely used as the main raw material for the manufacture of artificial fibers and polyester fibers. In addition, it is also used for metallurgical heating agent and leather degreasing. |
production method | potassium chloride, a raw material for diaphragm electrolysis, is dissolved into a saturated solution in a salt tank, and potassium carbonate, potassium carbonate and potassium chloride are added when heated to 90 ℃, caustic potash, barium chloride to remove calcium, magnesium and sulfate and other impurities, after settling slag, hydrochloric acid neutralization, the refined potassium chloride solution containing 280~315g/L of potassium chloride is preheated to 70~75 ℃ and then electrolyzed to obtain potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen gas. The concentration of potassium hydroxide obtained by Diaphragm Method is 10% ~ 11%, which needs to be clarified by evaporation concentration and cooling to obtain a solution containing 45% ~ 50% potassium hydroxide. It can also be concentrated in the caustic soda pot and decolorized, A solid potassium hydroxide is prepared, or a plate-like potassium hydroxide product is prepared. The preparation of 2KCl 2H2O [electrolysis] → 2KOH C12 + H2 + Mercury electrolysis electrolyte is the same as that of diaphragm electrolysis. In the electrolysis chamber, graphite (or metal) is used as the anode and Mercury is used as the cathode. The chlorine gas generated by electrolysis is sent to the chlorine gas for drying process, and the generated Potassium amalgam flows into the human solution Mercury chamber. Most of the unreacted potassium chloride was treated in the state of light brine and then returned to the raw material dissolution step. Potassium amalgam reacts with water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. The concentration of potassium hydroxide from The Mercury solution chamber is 45% ~ 50%, which can be used as a liquid potassium hydroxide product, and can also be concentrated into solid alkali or made into a flaky potassium hydroxide product by boiling the alkali pot. Its electrolysis and Potassium amalgam solution of Mercury 2KCl 2Hg2 → 2Hg2K Cl22Hg2K 2H2O → 2KOH H2 4Hg |
category | corrosive article |
toxicity grade | high toxicity |
Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 273 mg/kg |
stimulation data | Skin-rabbits 50 mg/24 h severe; eye-rabbit 1 mg/24 h moderate |
flammability hazard characteristics | exothermic heat of neutralization in case of acid; Exothermic heat of water |
storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from combustible materials, combustible materials and acids. |
fire extinguishing agent | Water, yellow sand |
Occupational Standard | TWA 2 mg/m3); Tel 2 mg/m3 |
spontaneous combustion temperature | 425°C (ethanol) |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |